ISSA Nutritionist Practice Exam

Which process describes the breakdown of proteins into amino acids?

1. Catalysis

2. Hydrolysis

3. Oxidation

4. Fermentation

The correct answer is: Hydrolysis

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids is known as hydrolysis. This process involves the addition of water molecules to the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in a protein. When these bonds are hydrolyzed, the protein is split into its constituent amino acids. Hydrolysis is a crucial metabolic process, as it allows the body to utilize the amino acids from dietary proteins for various functions, including the synthesis of new proteins, repairing tissues, and other metabolic activities. The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes known as proteases, which facilitate the cleavage of peptide bonds. Catalysis refers to the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a substance (the catalyst), which is not specifically the breakdown process but an overarching mechanism that can apply to many biochemical reactions. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons and can lead to energy production, but it does not directly pertain to protein breakdown. Fermentation typically refers to a metabolic process that converts sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen, rather than involving protein degradation.