ISSA Nutritionist Practice Exam

What is the most common culprit of positive energy balance leading to weight gain?

1. Increased physical activity

2. Excess calorie intake

3. Inadequate sleep

4. High protein consumption

The correct answer is: Excess calorie intake

Excess calorie intake is recognized as the most common cause of positive energy balance, which occurs when the number of calories consumed surpasses the number of calories expended by the body. This surplus leads to the storage of energy as fat, resulting in weight gain over time. The underlying principle rests on the basic concept of energy balance. When individuals consistently consume more calories than they burn through daily activities and metabolic processes, the body has no choice but to store that excess energy for future use, typically as adipose (fat) tissue. This accumulation is often exacerbated by lifestyle factors such as poor dietary choices, high consumption of calorie-dense foods, and inadequate exercise. Other options, while relevant to weight management, do not primarily drive a positive energy balance in the same manner. Increased physical activity usually contributes to a negative or neutral energy balance, inadequate sleep can impact appetite regulation, and high protein consumption can support muscle growth but does not intrinsically lead to excess calorie intake unless portion sizes are not monitored. Thus, recognizing that excess calorie intake is the primary factor in achieving a positive energy balance is crucial for addressing weight management effectively.