ISSA Nutritionist Practice Exam

Under which condition will muscle release amino acids to be used as energy?

1. During intense weight training

2. With severe calorie restriction

3. After consuming a high-protein meal

4. During prolonged rest

The correct answer is: With severe calorie restriction

Muscle releases amino acids to be utilized as energy primarily during severe calorie restriction. When the body is faced with a significant shortage of calories, it needs to find alternative energy sources to sustain essential functions. In this state, it begins to break down muscle protein to access amino acids. These amino acids can then be converted into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis, providing fuel for the body when carbohydrate availability is low. In the context of severe calorie restriction, the body's metabolism shifts in such a way that it prioritizes the preservation of energy stores in other areas, leading to muscle catabolism as a necessary response to maintain energy levels. This is particularly relevant in situations where dietary intake is inadequate over an extended period, such as in extreme dieting or starvation scenarios. In contrast, during intense weight training, the focus is on muscle growth and repair rather than catabolism. After consuming a high-protein meal, the body typically utilizes those amino acids for building and repairing muscle tissue. During prolonged rest, the energy demands are significantly lower, and the body predominantly relies on fat stores for energy rather than breaking down muscle protein.